Indian Classical Music
‘Bhartiya Shastriya Sangeet’ is the native term for Indian Classical Music. ‘Bhartiya’ means Indian, and ‘Shastriya Sangeet’ refers to Classical Music. The term ‘Shastriya’ is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Shastra,’ which means ‘science’ or ‘knowledge.’ Therefore, Shastriya Sangeet refers to the systematic and knowledge-based approach to Indian classical music. Bhartiya Shastriya Sangeet encompasses the rich and diverse musical traditions of classical music in India, which has evolved over thousands of years in the Indian subcontinent. It is deeply rooted in Indian culture, spirituality, and philosophy. It is one of the oldest systems of music in the world and has a highly developed theoretical and performance-oriented framework. Indian classical music is characterized by its intricate melodies, rhythmic patterns, improvisation, and a strong emphasis on emotion and expression.
The term ‘Shastriya Sangeet’ is often used in India to distinguish classical music from other forms of music, such as film music or popular music. It reflects the deep-rooted and ancient nature of this musical tradition, which has been passed down through generations and preserved through dedicated study and practice. Practitioners of Shastriya Sangeet undergo rigorous training under the guidance of gurus (teachers) to learn the intricacies of melody, rhythm, improvisation, and the expression of emotions through music. The learning process typically involves a guru-shishya parampara (teacher-disciple tradition), where knowledge is transmitted through direct, one-on-one instruction.
This tradition has produced legendary musicians and composers who have made significant contributions to the art form. It continues to be nurtured, preserved, and celebrated through various institutions, music festivals, and guru-shishya paramparas (teacher-disciple traditions) across the country and now worldwide.
There are two major branches of Indian classical music: Hindustani classical music, which is primarily practiced in North India, and Carnatic classical music, which is predominantly practiced in South India. While both styles share some similarities, they also have distinct characteristics and performance practices. It emphasizes the importance of structured compositions, improvisation, and adherence to traditional musical elements such as ragas (melodic frameworks) and talas (rhythmic cycles).
Hindustani Classical Music
It is primarily practiced in the northern parts of India. The music is characterized by elaborate melodic structures, improvisation, and a strong influence of Persian and Islamic musical traditions. The melodic framework is based on ragas, which are specific scales or modes with defined ascending and descending patterns. The performance typically includes a solo artist accompanied by a tabla (drums) player and often other supporting instruments like harmonium, sarangi, sitar, or sarod.
Carnatic Classical Music
It is predominantly practiced in the southern regions of India, especially in states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. Carnatic music is known for its intricate rhythmic patterns, complex compositions, and emphasis on precise intonation. The melodic structure is based on ragas as well, but there is more emphasis on intricate rhythmic patterns known as talas. The performance often involves a vocalist accompanied by instruments like the mridanga, violin, veena or flute.
Indian classical music, whether Hindustani or Carnatic, is deeply rooted in the cultural fabric of India and has evolved over centuries. It embodies the essence of Indian aesthetics, spirituality, and artistic expression.
Key elements of indian classical music includes
Ragas
Ragas are melodic frameworks or modes that form the basis of a performance. Each raga is characterized by a unique set of ascending and descending notes, specific melodic phrases, and associated moods. Ragas provides a structure for improvisation and exploration within a particular musical scale.
Talas
Talas refer to rhythmic patterns or cycles that provide the framework for the rhythm in Indian classical music. Talas is composed of a specific number of beats organized into groups and subgroups, creating intricate rhythmic patterns. Musicians accompany themselves or others using various percussion instruments such as tabla, mridangam or pakhawaj.
Improvisation
Improvisation plays a vital role in Indian classical music. Musicians explore and develop melodic and rhythmic ideas within the framework of a raga and tala. This creative process allows for unique interpretations and variations in each performance, making every rendition distinct.
Instruments
Indian classical music is performed on a variety of instruments. Some prominent instruments used in Hindustani classical music include sitar, sarod, tabla, harmonium and flute. In Carnatic classical music, popular instruments include veena, violin, mridangam, ghatam, and flute, among others.
Indian classical music has a vast repertoire of compositions, ranging from short compositions called Bandishes in Hindustani music to longer compositions like varnams, kritis, and ragam-tanam-pallavis in Carnatic music. And compositions ranging from devotional and philosophical themes to romantic and celebratory themes. The performances often include improvisation, where artists perform their creative skills within the framework of the chosen raga or composition and showcase the technical and expressive abilities of the musicians. The essence of Bhartiya Shastriya Sangeet lies not only in the technical proficiency of the musician but also in the ability to convey emotions, evoke mood, and establish a deep connection with the audience. It is believed that Indian classical music has the power to transport both the performer and the listener to higher states of consciousness and evoke a sense of tranquility and spiritual awakening. It is not just limited to entertainment but also has deep spiritual and meditative aspects. It is considered a path to self-realization and a means of connecting with the divine. It’s important to note that this is just a brief introduction to Indian Classical Music, and there is much more to explore and learn about this rich tradition. It is considered a spiritual and meditative art form that aims to elevate the listener and performer to a higher state of consciousness. It requires deep understanding, discipline, and years of dedicated practice to master the various aspects of Indian classical music.
Indian classical music is typically performed in concerts or recitals, where musicians present a combination of pre-composed pieces (compositions) and improvisational sections (alap, taans, etc.). The performances often evoke a sense of tranquility, spirituality, and emotional depth. Indian classical music has had a profound influence on various forms of music worldwide and continues to be appreciated by audiences globally. It is regarded as a highly intricate and sophisticated art form that requires years of dedicated practice and training to master.
Overall, Indian classical music is a complex and profound art form that requires years of dedicated training and practice to master. It is celebrated for its depth, spirituality, and ability to evoke powerful emotions in both performers and listeners. It also represents the classical music heritage of India and continues to be cherished and celebrated as a significant cultural and artistic expression.
Need Of Classical Music
Indian classical music holds significant importance and serves multiple purposes in the cultural and artistic landscape of India. Here are some key reasons for the need and relevance of Indian classical music:
Preservation of Tradition
Indian classical music has a rich heritage spanning centuries, with a vast repertoire of ragas (melodic structures) and talas (rhythmic patterns). It acts as a guardian of ancient musical traditions and serves as a link to the country’s cultural roots.
Spiritual and Devotional Expression
Indian classical music has deep connections with spirituality and devotion. It is often used as a medium to express and experience a sense of transcendence, connecting with higher realms and invoking emotions of peace, devotion, and inner harmony.
Emotional and Therapeutic Benefits
The intricacies of Indian classical music are designed to evoke a wide range of emotions. It has the power to elicit joy, serenity, sadness, and other sentiments, offering a therapeutic and cathartic experience to both performers and listeners.
Cultural Identity and Diversity
India is a diverse nation with a multitude of languages, customs, and traditions. Indian classical music is representative of this diversity and serves as a unifying force by bringing together people from different regions and communities through a shared cultural heritage.
Global Recognition and Collaboration
Indian classical music has gained international acclaim, attracting enthusiasts and artists from around the world. It has become a catalyst for cultural exchange and collaboration, promoting cross-cultural understanding and fostering a sense of global unity through music.
By the way, Classical music has many advantages, but the following 10 benefits are more important
1. Decreases blood pressure:
According to an Oxford University study, listening to classical music can help reduce one’s blood pressure. In the study, researchers played participants different styles of music, including rap, pop, techno, and classical. Classical music was effective at lowering participant’s blood pressure, while rap, pop, and techno actually raised blood pressure.
2. Boosts memory:
According to a study, people who listened to Mozart’s music showed an increase in brain wave activity that’s linked directly to memory. So next time you have to memorize a big speech or presentation, put on some Mozart while you practice.
3. Sparks creativity:
To get your creative juices flowing, listen to some classical music. While listening to classical music won’t instantly make you creative, it will help put into a more creative mindset, according to music experts at Guitar Junky.
4. Reduces stress levels:
If you’re feeling particularly stressed, listen to some classical tunes. A study found that pregnant women who listened to classical music were less likely to feel stressed throughout their pregnancy. Scientists claim that classical music’s tempo is similar to the human heart, which eases both anxiety and depression.
5. Supercharges brainpower:
In a study, French researchers found that students who listened to a lecture in which classical music was played in the background scored better on a test compared to other students.
6. Fights depression:
When you’re feeling down in the dumps, ditch the donuts and opt for some classical music instead. Several studies have proven that classical music helps relieve depression and melancholy. In fact, a study from Mexico discovered that listening to classical music can help ease symptoms of depression.
7. Puts you to sleep:
According to a study of people with sleep issues, listening to classical music for just 45 minutes prior to bed can help improve sleep quality.
8. Relieves pain:
Instead of reaching for another Tylenol, you might want to consider playing a Bach or Beethoven playlist. Multiple studies have shown that listening to classical music can help relieve pain. According to researchers in London, patients listening to classical music used significantly less pain medication.
9. Makes you happy:
Want to get out of that bad mood you’re in? Listening to classical music can help increase dopamine secretion, which activates the brain’s reward and pleasure centre. In fact, a 2013 study found that music can help put people in a better mood.
10. Improves productivity:
It’s a Monday morning and you can’t seem to get it together. To help boost productivity, listen to some classical music. A series of studies have proven that music makes repetitive tasks more enjoyable. A study performed by researchers at the University of Maryland found that Baroque classical music in the reading room can help improve radiologists’ efficiency and accuracy.
In summary, Indian classical music plays a vital role in preserving cultural heritage, providing spiritual and emotional nourishment, enhancing cognitive abilities, fostering creativity, and promoting cultural diversity. It is a timeless art form that continues to inspire and enrich the lives of people across generations.
At Swarsaad Foundation, we are committed to making a positive impact in the lives of individuals and communities through Indian Classical Music. Our mission is to help people save the planet and enjoy Indian Classical Music.
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